Robert Antoine Pinchon was a French painter associated with Post-Impressionism and the artistic circle known as the École de Rouen, active in and around Rouen in the early twentieth century. Born in Rouen on 1 July 1886, he grew up in a cultured family that encouraged his artistic interests; his uncle was the illustrator Joseph Charles Pinchon, creator of the comic character Bécassine.

Pinchon began exhibiting while still young and became one of the leading members of the Rouen school alongside artists such as Charles Angrand and Albert Lebourg. His work is noted for its vivid colour and energetic brushwork, often depicting landscapes and river scenes in Normandy, particularly along the Seine.

During the First World War he served in the French army and was captured in 1914, spending several years as a prisoner of war in Germany. After the war he resumed painting and continued exhibiting in France. Pinchon died in 1943, and his work is now held in several museums, including the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen.